Increasing investment attractiveness of CIS countries Research Paper

Increasing enthronement attractiveness of CIS countries - Research Paper ExampleAs comp ard to the Baltic and Eastern European nations, the CIS countries experience grave economic crisis and gradual growth in restructuring the productive framework in the respective countries resulting in the involve for increased investments (Shiellis, 2003). The significance of the investments can extend to close the investment gap because of insufficient savings. The external factors that are increased investments include the transfer of managerial skills, technology, processing of information, and a proficient knowledge of sales and marketing.The diarrhoea of central planning created a market of 100 million consumers in Eastern Europe and ccc million in the successor countries to the USSR. Phyllis says that among the CIS, Russia is having the highest population and several states advocated to embrace the policy of free trade, which permitted imported commodities to act as the local demand. As a result, the imported commodities become wide during the first years of change as the people used their savings in buying the western goods and services. Due to the economic crisis and escalating inflation localise immediately after the transition, there was a significant decrease in the savings and lowered incomes resulting in the inability for the local consumers to purchase the western products. On the contrary, foreign investors in Eastern Europe privatized the firms from the governance and already began to restructure the industries with the objective of increasing the local production.

Operating system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Operating formation - Assignment ExampleThe program responsible for this task is cognize as traffic controller.Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI. A GUI allows one to use the mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything will be displayed on the screen in combination of graphics and text. Traditionally, computers had a command-line interface, which meant users had to type every single command to the computer and the computer would scarce display text. (Anonymous, 2010)I. Mac OS X.It was created by Apple and it comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as OS Xand the specific versions entangleYosemite 2014, Mavericks 2013, set Lion 2012, Lion2011 and SnowLeopard 2009. Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to be run on servers. (Anonymous, 2010)II. Microsoft Windows. Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s.The different versions of Win dows areWindows 8 (2012), Windows 7(2009), and Windows Vista(2007). Windows comes preloadedon most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. (Anonymous, 2010)III. Linux. This OS can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software productlike Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The most popular versions overwhelm Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora. (Anonymous, 2010)Normally, the operating systems of mobile phones are designed specifically for mobile devices. Operating systems for these mobile devices are usually not fully featured like those of desktop and laptop computers. However, one can still do a lot of things with them, like watching movies, browsing the Web, managing your calendar and playing games. Examples of these mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android. (Anonymous,

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 27

Business jurisprudence - Essay ExampleBy stating a different amount and becoming the offeror (Mark), the other society seems not to be willing either and instead gives her final price, which is also aligns with Hyde v Wrench circumstance (1840).Initially, Angie was the offeror but when crowd emerges with the price of $3,500 coupled with promise of helping her and the husband to pack in their quest to relocate to Sydney, she becomes offeree. This is because crowd together then being an offeror stated the price, which he can gift to part with for the artwork and afterwards help Angie and her husband to pack for Sydney. Therefore, it was then Angie to accept or extraction taking the offer based on unequivocal conditions already stated by James. In addition, the smell of turning Angie to be an offeree is evident by her conduct, which according to law has indicated function to legal consequences (Gibson & Fraser 2013, p. 367). This is being a compliant to an offer made though a c ounter offer with a condition that James will help them to relocate. Therefore, it was for Angie to accept or decline but due to the favourable terms that James stated, she decided to take the offer and even reject that of Mark. Since, his mail reached her before that of James.Angie has a contractual consanguinity with her cousin James. This is because as per the case study, it is evident that she accepted to sell the paining to James on that basis. Basis in this case denotes the assistance, which with her husband they would receive from James. However, the latter offer seems too good for Angie to accept and decline $6,700 offered by Mark. The formation of the contract was after Angie exhibiting conduct in a manner to suggest unequivocal intention to legal consequences. This is quite evident with how despite having received Marks email earlier and seen to feel come before that of her cousin, decides she will take the offer. Hence, she entered into a contract on 16

Importance of Radioisotopes and Isotopes Research Paper - 1

Importance of Radioisotopes and Isotopes - Research Paper ExampleSome of the isotopes permit radioactive decay over time, therefore, known as radioactive isotopes. On the separate hand, those isotopes not been discover to undergo any form of decay are known as stable isotopes. In general, isotopes confirm similar chemical properties but different physical properties. For example, hydrogen has three different isotopes (fig 1) 1H, 2H, and 3H. Hydrogen 1 or protium is the most abundant isotope.As they all have similar chemical properties they cigarette form similar bonds. weewee and D2O are some examples but they have different physical properties. H2O has melting point of 0.0oC and boiling point of 100.0oC but D2O melts at 3.82oC and boils at 101.4oC. (Stoker 55).Isotopes have various applications in different sectors. In the medical business line, radioactive and stable isotopes are use in medical procedures for the use of diagnosis and therapeutic use. Isotopes have a signifi bottom of the inningt application in biomedical research field as well as research in physics, biology, chemistry, geosciences and other branches of science and technology.Isotopes plunder be used in various ways in the various fields discussed above. They are generally helpful because of their dismission properties. Isotopes with short half purport decay and emit various radiations such as beta emissions which can be detected by various means. Therefore, they can be used as tracers. For example, scientists can bar the uptake of nutrients in a plant by using a radioactive isotope of phosphorous. 32P containing compound can be introduced in the soil which is interpreted up by the plant. It has a short half life of about 2 weeks and the rate of uptake can be found my measuring the time taken for it to appear in the leaves. It can be traced in the leaves by detecting the beta emissions. (Kotz, Treichel and Townsend 1086). Many other applications of radioactive isotopes apply simil ar technique.There are many applications of isotopes in the field of medicine. Iodine is an ingrained

Stepfamilies with Adolescents - Counseling Interventions Pertaining to Case Study

Stepfamilies with Adolescents - Counseling Interventions Pertaining to Communication and Discipline - Case Study workoutP atomic number 18nting is the most difficult aspects of a stepfamily. It is more difficult to form a stepfamily with adolescent children compared to forming a family with young children. The main cause could be because of developmental stages. Research indicates that children who are between the ages of 10 and 14 may have a hard time in adjusting into a stepfamily. However, both children above the age of 15 and under the age of 10 may need to have a stepparent. The older or the children who are over 15 may need little or less(prenominal) parenting and will be less involved in the family. Finally, the children who are under 10 may be willing to have another(prenominal) adult in the family.Family structure has recently transformed due to both demographic and social changes. concord to the Office of National Statistic, marriage rates have drastically while the nu mber of divorce cases has remained constant. In recent years, people become parents and have their first child easily in a cohabiting essence rather than within a marriage. Moreover, between 1975 and 2004, non-marital childbirth has drastically increased, from 9% to 43%, in which two-thirds is of single(a) parents.Several factors may affect how a child adjusts to a stepfamily this include, gender of the child. Girls attend to be more difficult than boys are and they may take time in adjusting in a stepfamily. For instance, stepfamilies that include the lifelike mother and a stepfather, the girls are more likely than boys to oppose the new male figure. In split families, where there is only a single parent that is involved, mother-daughter relationships tend to be extremely close. Consequently, girls may deal the stepfather as a threat to the relationship with her mother when the mother decides to remarry. Alternatively, boys would quickly adjust since they yearn for a masculine figure.

European single currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

European single currency - Essay useThe idea of a European common currency had been in the drawing board since 1993, but the Euro as EUs common currency went into circulation in 1999 and was considered as a major step towards European integration. The ratification of the Maastricht agreement in November of 1993 was responsible for the creation of the European Monetary Union or emu and choose the Euro as their common currency (European deputation, n.d.). When the Euro was introduced into EMU on January 1, 1999, it became the new official currency of the 15 fraction countries thereby replacing their old national currencies like Deutschmark of Germany and Franc of France. The Euro was introduced first as a virtual currency for payments not requiring hard hard currency and for purposes of accounting. The old national currencies of member countries were used for cash payments and is considered as sub-units of euro. The European commission revealed that the real euro currency in ban k notes and coins appeared in January 2002. The European commission reported that the primary responsibility of the EMU is to ensure the price stability of goods and services in any the member countries by maintaining an annual inflation rate of less than 2%.The European commission added that although Denmark and fall in Kingdom are members of the European Union, Euro is not their currency as they agreed on the opt-out clause of the Maastricht treaty thereby exempting them from participation... market. The European commission reported that the economic as well as fiscal integration of the EU simulates the history of the Union. In 1957, when the EU was founded, they concentrated on establishing a common market. In the course of time, it was felt that closer cooperation related to economic and monetary matters were needed for the common market to development and flourish further. The European commission revealed that when the euro was adapted as the single currency of the EU, the monetary policy is world managed by the European Central Bank (ECB) which was established for that sole purpose, and the corresponding central banks of the member countries. Together, they organize the Eurosystem Fiscal Policy on tax and spending and remain as responsibility of individual member countries. They adhere to follow the agreed procedures on public finances accounting known as constancy and Growth Pack. The member countries also retain their responsibility for creating their own structural policies related to labour, capital markets as well as pensions. They however agree to coordinate them with ECB to ensure higher chances of achieving goals related to stability, employment and growth. Having adopted a single European currency has many benefits and these were the motivations for the creation of the Euro. An Economics teacher form Oxford University named Tejvan R.Pettinger (2008) enumerated the benefits that fag end be derived from having only one European currency sy stem. They are as followsReduced transaction cost 1. There go forth be no more cost involved in currency exchanges this will benefit tourists and firms trading in the Euro area

Racial Relations in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

racial Relations in the U.S - audition ExampleA nonher thing that became a major hindrance in the community is racial abuse. Racial abuse has resulted in diversified and drab lay outs on adolescents and adults. The effects of racial harassment support long-standing issues and may stretch through out the life span. Short border or long term bullying tend to have serious mental difficulties on adults. Adults who continue to bully get into serious troubles and commit crimes like, marital violence, child abuse etc. It also affects the cordial relationship between the family members and friends.though inequalities still exists, it doesnt mean that there shouldnt be any racial and ethnical categorization. In the present manhood scenario utmost importance is given to human rights. Under United Nations resolution human rights to all(prenominal) citizen of every country should be considered as an important factor. Its every countrys responsibility to protect its citizens basic human ri ghts. world rights violation should be considered as a serious offence, legal and appropriate action should be taken against those who violate these rights Assessing students abilities and disabilities is the major factor and teachers should strive to identify these issues. By identifying their strengths and weaknesses one can easily become on these issues. Self-confidence plays an important role in everyones lives. It is the deciding factor that decides a winner and a loser.In US the Blacks are the largest immigrants. They transmigrated from the far lands of the black continent Africa. In the past, since these countries were not as veritable as US and their socio-economic structure was on decline, many of the citizens were forced to work as slaves and have to migrate to US. In US, Black immigrants have less education and less skill set, even among Black women also. apart from other collections these Blacks have less human capital, so they have very less employers in their gr oup and it is indirectly affecting their economic status and social environment also. Gender inequality was always prevailed among the Blacks. Since they were not the major community and further to a greater extent they were immigrants, they had to face the brunt of racial abuse. One of the reasons of racial abuse was, misgiving among the US citizens was losing the jobs to these immigrants. Since the Blacks were ready to work for fewer wages there always lies the danger of losing jobs. Most of the Blacks were more or less unskilled or semi-skilled. This makes them of losing jobs very often. This brings more responsibilities on average Black women. instanter she has to work outside to meet the daily requirements and look after the family. Journal 2Bullying and racial harassment were the most dreaded things that most of the blacks and their children experienced in the pre and post civil war. The major reasons to belong bullying and racial abusing depends on the characters surroundi ng the respective environment (like parents, neighbors, etc.,), children will face the immediate effect since they are the immediate guardians to the children, if not this parents or teachers at school whoever are close to the children with respect to fourth dimension get to influence them. Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. The madness of depression is the antithesis of violence. It is a wedge indeed, but a storm of murk. Soon evident are the slowed-down responses, near

How to make money selling drugs (the movie) Essay

How to make silver interchange drugs (the movie) - Essay ExampleThe musical composition also makes use of a interchange regarding the manner in which the subject of attitude to state of wards the drug war and the attitude towards the United States and the g all overnment in terms of drugs. Also, the benefits of selling drugs and the skills needed to sell drugs all over are discussed in this paper.The increase in drug selling has been addressed in the tear with the jock of statistical mapping and figures that indicate the measure of people that is escalating dramatically over the years. It should be noted that in that respect has been a number of media productions that have indicated the aspect of drug war in America. However, the film under review article has a new dimension to look at the war on drugs in America. The film shows that practitioners are in the law and enforcement agencies. These people are responsible for making sure that the issue of drug relations is contro lled at its source (Cook, 2014). They make an important part in forming an understanding of the drugs network and how different participants play their role in it.As a matter of example and analysis of the film, it can be give tongue to that the character of Ricky Ross is a very good representation of people who were concerned about the deepening circumstantial issue of drug dealing in American society. Another arena to the debate or discussion of drug dealing in America has been presented in the film by stating that more and more money is being poured at this side of the lawmaking institutions. In addition, it can be said that the same add of money could have been used in any other service or institution of America. by means of the help of this viewpoint, the director has been extremely successful in reflecting upon the attitude of the government towards war on drugs. (Cook, 2014)The benefits of selling drugs are yet another significant aspect that can be noted in the films pl ot. It can be said that the director has highlighted the benefit of

Personality Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personality Disorders - Essay ExampleMost times these connections go beyond involvement with the service user alone and extend to his/her care givers and families. To establish and maintain the connections psychiatric psychological health nurses need not just communication skills but also specialized skills in thought and accepting psychological health problems along with a strong sense of ethics and responsibility. This lesson is ended to abet the students gain a comprehensive understanding of the various personality disorders that affect patients. It proposes to help them recognize these disorders at bottom patients based on their outward features and to help plan patients care based on their evaluation. Long shape Content Goal To understand the different kinds of personality disorders that afflicts patients and recognize the nursing care needed by distributively different group Learning Outcomes The learning outcomes from this lesson are identified as follows Examining of linkages between psychological science and nursing practice on the illness-health continuum. Knowledge and understanding of personality disorders and its various clinical features needed to assure the needs of patients. Demonstrating proficiency in professional judgment magic spell identifying personality disorders among patients. ... Identify the key symptoms and characteristics of each disorder. Recognize the treatment plan available for treating the various disorders. Explain the ethical role psychiatric mental health nurses have to play while administering nursing care. Prerequisite Learner Skills The learner should posses the following characteristics while attempting to follow the lesson plan Analytical thinking Self-learning abilities Social cohesion while working in a team Striving for personal improvement Skills in creatively solving problems Knowledge of using applied science tools instructional Design prototype This lesson plan hopes to focus its energies on the learner and hence the instructional design model adapted for this lesson is the Morrison, Ross and Kemp model (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). The model consists of nine elements arranged in an oval shape 1. Instructional problem identification and goal specifications of an instructional course, 2. Examination of learners characteristics based on instructional decisions, 3. Subject content identification with task analysis related to goals and purposes, 4. Instructional objective specifications, 5. Instructional units arranged in logical and sequential order for learning, 6. Instructional strategies designed to meet the mastery of lesson objectives, 7. Plan and founder instruction, 8. Evaluation instruments for measuring course objectives and 9. Resource selection for instruction and learning activities. (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004) Figure 1 The Morrison, Ross & Kemp Model Content Outline Learning Objectives Content Instructional Method Introduce the topic The DSM-IV character izes personality traits as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Astronomy - Essay grammatical caseTechnical terms are broken down for novice astronomers, more advanced issues croup be found for individuals that yearn for more technical knowledge, and everyone can enjoy vivid pictures of the space shuttle, planets, moon abouts, stars, and more. boilers suit this website could be given the grade of an A+.Educators and students have links on the NASA website. Educators can find classroom materials to manipulation in their classes. Students can find help for their assignments about space related issues. All ages of students can role myNASA to bookmark articles of concern. These services are provided for free. The enormous knowledge of NASA is shared through these tools. The information is vast. Everything from the first moon landing to images from the Hubble is provided by this website. An opportunity for students to watch astronauts on the space station, shuttle lift offs, and images of the earth from orbiting satellites is available. Overall this is a very informational site for educators and students.Employees and policymakers (congressmen) can also access this website. A calendar, expense report, and general account for operations can be found under this link. The media has a link for questions about NASA operations, press passes, and events. Employees can view videos not available to the public. Policies are explained. For example, one article NASA Hazard and Safety Reporting directs If you teach a situation that might result in a death or injury or damage to equipment or property, report it All reports will receive prompt and thorough attention (NASA.com). A login for NASA employees is also found at this link.NASA also features a intelligence service and mission link. All of the latest news and news on the shuttles is found at these links. Pictures from the Hubble telescope, reports about the finding of water on the moon, and the latest videos are available at the news link. In the news this week, NASA the Atlant is launch is scheduled for

Financial crisis regulatory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial crisis regulatory - Essay ExampleRobert Shiller examined the controversy of the spherical economical crisis and its management and raised prudent arguments about the practice. The economist argues that democratization of finance provides an thinkingl schema of managing the contemporary and future economic crisis. Some analysts support Shillers perspective while others lead criticized his ideology. Interestingly, few economists argue that the monetary regulations adopted by the OECD countries are sufficient in containing financial crisis (Gray & Akseli, 2011 p. 2). Considering the magnitude of the idea of global financial crisis management, there is a need of developing knowledge of ideal approaches of managing the problem. This article provides an digest of the debate started by Shiller concerning democratizing finance while comparing the argument with the types of regulatory measures practiced by the OECD countries. The Shillers perspective on financial crisis Shil ler explores the importance of moral reputation of finance institutions in management of economic crisis. After the 2008 global economic recession, anger expressed itself in objections around the world. People constantly criticized how aright profit oriented social-economic procedures have influenced financial institutions. The Occupy movement staged serious actions challenging the birth between the government and businesses. A clear insight was that individuals responsible for the crisis would revitalize their moral reputations by adopting acceptable financial procedures (Kroszner, Shiller & Friedman, 2011 p. 4). Shiller has popularized an idea that economists need to reclaim the finance for the common good instead of condemning it. He argues that finance is a powerful tool that the society can utilize in solving its problem and in developing its general welfare. The global economy needs more finance but non less and the finance should facilitate the attainment of the societys goals (Tropeano, 2011 p. 5). Consequently, the analyst emphasizes the need of rethinking about finance and its responsibility in the society. Particularly, Shiller claims that financial management should not merely include the manipulation of money or control of risks but should mainly involve the stewardship of communitys assets. The economist highlights how individuals serving in the financial careers can manage, safeguard and increase the public assets. Moreover, the analyst explains how finance has contributed to the good of the society through inventions, nest egg accounts, mortgage and pensions. Consequently, Shillers insists that economists and policy makers should devise new strategies for rechanneling financial creativity to benefit global economies (Princeton University, 2012 p. 1). Previous regulations schemes have targeted restricting the financial sector by slowing down the development of lending or trading. However, Shillers alternative believes that this ideology is unproductive especially in the current dynamic industry that presents high degrees of dynamism. The Shillers model values the importance of creativity, personal morality, education and effect of finance on the peoples lives (Princeton University, 2012 p. 1). Shiller supports the present financial regulation system arguing that although the system is imperfect, it plays a significant role in stabilizing the global economy.

Argument Essay Does Religion cause wars Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument Does Religion cause wars - Essay ExampleReligion makes significant contributions to the causes of some wars in the modern era. Witness the disputes around capital of Israel, Israels illegal occupation of Palestine and its status as a religious state, a rogue state and an aggressor state. Also, Huntingtons clash of civilizations theory places religion at the nerve centre of his warring civilizations.Jerusalem was the objective of the First Crusade, almost one millennium later it remains a focal point of religious warfare. For Jews, Jerusalem is where the Messiah will appear and the site of the original temple of Solomon. It is also a significant site to Muslims Jerusalem has had a very important spiritual mean for Muslims, not only being the first Qibla but also the mystical experience of the prophets ascendance to heaven. (Jerusalem in Islam)For Christians it is where the Messiah was crucified, buried and rose again from the dead. The importance to Christianity is so gre at that there nonplus been disputes within Christianity (intra-religious fighting) as to who has the privilege and responsibility of maintaining the Christian holy sites in the city. In 2008 the BBC reported, Fighting erupted amongst Greek Orthodox and Armenian monks at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the traditional site of Christs crucifixion. (Monks brawl at religious shrine, 2008) Violence in and around Jerusalem, and attempts by various religions to claim Jerusalem as theirs, can be attributed to religion.In a broader sense the state of Israel and the warfare that has characterized its sixty years of populace are also attributable to religious roots. Israelis often insist that their differences with their neighboring states is not religious. They insist the encounter is between a democratic state (Israel) and non-democratic states (Syria, Jordan and Egypt). However, it is clearly a religious issue that transcends Jerusalem. In declination 2010 CNN reported In August, Rab bi Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual

Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time Management - Research Paper ExampleI ensure that what I am doing is done to a high standard and therefore many exposit have to be approved by myself. Having acknowledged this challenge, I have decided not to punctuate so much on the finer details though not encouraging mediocrity. Delegation of duties go away also assist me improve in this bea since I do not have to go through all my tasks especially on my personal life. I will need to get a trustworthy person who I can delegate to some of my duties that do not require my agile attention. This will enable me to centering on more tasks that require my full attention. This will also table service me in both school and biography since I will have plenty of age to focus on more, salient school and career issues. Since time is of the essence, delegation will avail more time for me to concentrate on more urgent matters. Part of this time can be expendd for my online studies and career development, which is truly paramount (H arris, 2008).After completing the Flash Activity, some of the unanticipated events and obligations that will occur in my life include emergencies, which could arise due to unavoidable circumstances. Some of these emergencies include falling sick unexpectedly, additional work either in school or at work, a pressing family emergency and an outside factor that I would not have control. The only way I can plan for these events are by being flexible and to be adequately prepared for them in advance. This will enable me to handle the emergencies with ease since am prepared and flexible. I will also set an emergency fund to append for any financial obligation that may arise from these events (Mancini, 2007).Using Prime Times, the strategy I would use for planning, managing time, and studying effectively will be the SMART strategy. The SMART strategy states that my time management goals should be set in line with the strategy. This means that my goals

Incident at Morales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident at Morales - Essay ExampleIn addition, Chuck the vice leader of the engineering at the Phaust persuades Martinez to decrease the represent of building in run to save funds for built-up of their products. However, the engineer identifies environmental and technical challenges that could result to health problems to the members of the staff, and to the society around. In this regard, Martinez has no option but to abandon the challenges in order to regulate the construction cost to be fitted to leave behind funds for the manufacture of paint remover. For instance, Martinez deviated from the engineering principles which demand engineers to write up to their superiors whenever they identify a hazard. In this regard, Chuck the vice president advised Martinez to reduce the construction cost as much as possible in order for the company to have manufacturing funds (Applegarth).As a result, the engineer ignored many ethical stuffs associating to protection, wellbeing, and the atmo sphere. On the other hand, Martinez did not inform his companion colleagues when the ethical decision was to be made, procedure for the project was not presented in an honest channel, and employees contributions were not considered. In this regard, the engineer neglected the environmental issues when acquiring different ingredients for the plant. For instance, he purchased less expensive pipes and connective for construction in order to be able to save money and ignored the repercussion it would take a shit (Applegarth).By doing this, Martinez failed to apply the engineers principles, which require engineers to consider the well-being of the individuals operating in the premise. In this regard, he purchased materials that could not hold out far above the ground hotness, and stress for a yearn period. In addition, Martinez failed to purchase the best quality sensors from Lutz and Lutz. The sensors failed to

The layout and operation of a piston engine Assignment

The layout and operation of a piston engine - Assignment usage1. Stationery parts These include all parts that hold the engine in place and freeze off the motion of the entire structure due to moments created by the dynamic moving parts. citation Griffiths Denis, 1997 It also houses the jackets for the cylinder cooling system and the sw include hole for storing the engine lubricating oil. Some of these parts include (i) Bed Plate- The main functions of the bedplate includes providing a support for the main engine bearing and provides a cover space for the lower portion of the crankcase. The sump for the lubricating oil is also contained in this atomic number 18a. (Anderson Henrik, 2007) (ii) Main Bearings- This supports the crankshaft and takes up the load that is transmitted from the piston onto the crankshaft. Explosions or odds-on generation of torque can affect the bearing severely which can be easily replaced gum olibanum preventing replacement of the entire crankshaft .( Calder Nigel, 1987) Source RTA84T Sulzer Engine, 2004 (iii) Frame- This houses the entire upper portion of the crankcase and provides stability to the cylinder block. In naval engines these are also referred to as the A Frame. ... ource RTA84T Sulzer Engine, Liner 2004 (vi) Cylinder Heads- This is the top portion of the cylinder lining and seals the liner thus creating a confined space required for combustion. (vii) Valves or Ports- The function of valves or ports is to allow the entry of fresh air required for combustion and to allow the exit of exhaust gas later the combustion is over. Valves are an additional entity usually housed on top of the cylinder head while ports are holes and openings situated on the cylinder liner which open or close according to the position of the piston skirt with respect to the cylinder liner. (Calder Nigel, 1987) 2. Moving Parts (i) Piston- The face of the piston acts as the other turn back of the confined space in which combustion occurs. Th e piston slides in and out of the cylinder contributing to severally stroke of the engine. To prevent metal to metal contact between the liner and the piston sides a belittled clearance is maintained the sealing achieved by a number of sealing rings housed in grooves at the upper end of the piston. The sealing ring prevents the air or exhaust gas from passing on to the underside of the piston. The bottom end of piston is called the skirt while the upper portion is called the crown. SourceRTA84T Sulzer Engine,Pistons, 2004 (ii) Connecting rod- The connecting rod can be construed as a bar which has bearings at both ends. It acts as an user interface between the piston and the crankshaft. The thrust developed on the piston is transmitted to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. (Anderson Henrik, 2007) (iii) Connecting Rod Bolts- The connecting rod affiliated to the crankpin of the crankshaft has a split bottom end. This split end is held in place by these bolts. (iv) Crankshaft- T he reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder

The Dark Knight of a Postmodern World Essay Example for Free

The Dark sawbuck of a Postmodern World EssayThe Dark gentle is a film based on DC comic book character Batman and his fight to protect his home, Gotham City, from the antagonist, the joker. Director Chris Nolan provides the viewer with non just an action film, only if also a thought-provoking masterpiece. The film focuses on the thin line amidst sanity (Batman) and madness (Joker) and how anyone can easily turn from good to evil, the example organism Harvey Dent go Two-Face in such a short time. The film deconstructs previous ideas of the hero by portraying Batman not as a hero, but as an anti-hero. He appears to be the hero, but possesses no superpowers and also causes havoc in his city, much like a villain would. The Joker corrects postmodernism because he threatens our givens (Instead of soldiers who are allowed to die, threaten the mayor and hospitals). He makes people question everything, creating chaos. The Joker also represents post-modern beliefs because he chal lenges our idea of the naturalized villain, who is supposed to represent pure evil, by comparing himself to the hero, Batman, using such examples as how they are both(prenominal) freaks to society and how they were both seduced by one bad day.The most important instance of post-modern values is the Jokers entire character. He believes the comely man lives with a bloated sense of humanitys importance and a frail and useless view of order and sanity. He sees human existence as mad, random, and pointless and the conception as a insane carnival of animals that will kill each other at the first chance When the chips are down, these uh, these cultivated people, theyll eat each other. Although his beliefs on others are post-modern, his attitude toward himself seems very naturalist-like. In one scene he explains You know what I am? Im a dog chasing cars. I wouldnt know what to do with one if I caught it You knowI just do thingsIm not a schemer. I try to show the schemers how wretch ed their attempts to control things really are. This shows how the Joker just forgoes all planning and thinking and just does what feels right. Another belief the Joker has that I believe represents post-modernism is that chaos is fair.This quote challenges our pre-conceived notion that order and civility is fair by presenting a good case for his side throughout the movie. The movie itself confuses the viewer by devising the Joker (the villain) the only person who logically acted from a clear set of principles, while Batman and Harvey Dent came off as characters without a clear sense of what their principled core might be. Batman, on the other hand, challenges our idea of what a hero is. Although he is the good side to the Jokers bad side, he is not a hero but an anti-hero.Batman is the hero Gotham needs (I can do those things because Im not a hero, not like Dent. I killed those people. Thats what I can be Youll hunt me. Youll condemn me, set the dogs on me, because thats what nee ds to happen. ), but not deserves, so he is cast out, which is the opposite of what happens to guys like Superman or Spiderman, but Batman, unlike conventional heroes, can BE the outcast because its a necessary part of society. The irony in Batman being cast out is that it is exactly how the Joker is treated.Another similarity between the two is that they both create chaos in the city, although for Batman it is necessary for the greater good and the Joker believes living in a world of chaos is a good thing. The similarities between the Joker and Batman intrigued audiences, which may have been what made the film so popular. It presented a loved hero like Batman, and focused on the darker side of him, mainly the fact that he is a vigilante, an ordinary citizen who works outside the legal system for a greater cause.The Dark sawhorse created its own niche in American cinema by deconstructing our idea of a hero and making us think about our own grip on sanity as individuals and as a soc iety. Heath Ledgers death didnt hurt the movies popularity either, of course, he vie that role perfectly, and so the fame is well-deserved. I personally am a huge Batman/ Joker fan, and The Dark Knight made me rethink Batman as a character and look at the characters involved closer and differently to find out what they truly represent.

How Indian Cinema Evolved over the Years Essay Example for Free

How Indian Cinema Evolved over the Years EssayA hundred years ago on this date, Indias first film Raja Harishchandra was released. Over the past hundred years, our motion-picture show and its facets deport evolved and howThe hoagie From mooch to macho From a bulky mustached Raj Kapoor in the 40s to a sixpack flaunting, butt-baring John Abraham at once, the Bollywood whizz has had quite a makeover. The 50s was the period of method-acting with the a resembling(p)s of Dilip Kumar, while in the 60s, Rajesh caravan innna and Dev Anand epitomised ro valet de chambrece on screen. subsequently Khannas guru kurtas and fluffy hairtop, Amitabh Bachchan brought the angry young man into the picture in the 70s and 80s with Zanjeer, Deewar and Agneepath, also bringing to the fore, gong bottoms and side burns. The 90s was the time of the lover boys Shah Rukh Khan, Aamir Khan and Salman Khan dancing in exotic foreign locales. Now, the Bollywood hero is not restricted by genre or style and fits into every mould. He is a looker, chocolatey, data-based and total paisa vasool, read Ranbir Kapoor and Imran Khan.The heroine From feeble to fabulous In the early ecstasys, the heroine in Indian cinema had nevertheless one objective in life, that of being a sati-savitri, who never looked beyond her family and husband. The kitchen was her cocoon, and she epitomised all things good. Through the 1940s, 50s and 60s, heroines such as Mala Sinha, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nanda and Asha Parekh ruled these roles. It was only in the 80s and 90s that she evolved as a strong character (Rekha in Khoon Bhari Mang, 1988), (Meenakshi Sheshadri in Damini, 1993). term in the early 2000s, she was still the demure girl, she managed to live her life on her terms analogous Rani Mukerji in Kabhie Alvida Naa Kehna. And the heroine today is the charge upy, uber cool woman who cares for little more than her own life. Way to go girl The villainFrom scary to suave From the usual lot of wicked village zamindars, smugglers, murderers, rapists, dacoits and terrorists, the larger-than-life Bollywood villains have be total rare in new age cinema. Thus the traditional villain, Loin, Shakal, Mogambo, Dr Dang and Badman, has died a natural death. The wigged, cigar-smo poof embodiments contend by the give cares of Pran, Prem Chopra, Amrish Puri, have made way for smart and sometimes more-adorable-than-the-hero kind of villains. Exhibit A- Saif Ali Khan (Omkara) and Shah Rukh Khan (Don). No lines are drawn now and black characters have became grey with lead actors corresponding antagonists in films, almost replacing the dedicated villains. This marked the end of ever reverberating iconic one liners desire Kitne aadmi the? and Saara sheher mujhe Loin ke naam se jaanta hain. The maaRona-dhona to supercool From the God fearing and homely mum to a party freak, mothers in Bollywood have come a long way since 1930s. While Nargis in Mother India (1957) played a mother who went done hardships and struggled to bring up her offsprings, Nirupa Roy in the 70s became synonymous with white saris and a melancholic look. Then came Reema Lagoo, with her bindi and sindoor, an ideal heart class Indian mother in Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), who tried to be a friend to her son. tho now, mothers are the uber cool women who are ready to accept even same-sex couples, case in point, Kirron Kher in Dostana (2008). And now there are mom who drink and dance at weddings, ala Dolly Walia in Vicky Donor (2012). The contingent girlTaboo to must-haves The dancing girl evolved from the Cabaret seductress, the free-spirited banjaran, the sensuous courtesan to dancing temptresses in half-saris. In the 40s and 50s, Cuckoo Moray, hotted up the screen with her innocent charm. The 50s saw Vyjayanthimala woo the audience in songs such as Chad Gayo Papi Bichua in Madhumati (1958) in ghagra cholis, and junk silver jewellery. Helen ruled the 60s and 70s, emerging in a bold avatar with dramatic ensembles. The 80s saw the trend of heroines appear in item numbers with Zeenat Aman in Qurbani (1980). Madhuri Dixits Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai became the supreme tease in the 90s. The item girls of 2000s are sexy, not afraid to show skin and love to play hard to get, be it Malaika Arora Khan in a mid-riff baring choli dancing atop a film or Katrina in Sheila Ki Jawani.The comedian Funny face to frontman The comedian in the 40s, was the fat man with funny facial expressions, whose mere presence made audiences laugh. In the mid-fifties, the lean Johnny Walker bust that trend and managed to win hearts with his slapstick humour. Kishore Kumar, essentially a singer, redefined comedy by using his songs like Meri Pyari Bindu (Padosan 1968) as elements of fun in films. But it was Mehmood, with his fringed hair and impeccable dialogue delivery who became the king of comedy in the 1970s. The next big thing in comedy was Johnny Lever, who left audiences in spl its with his body language and dialogues in films like Raja Hindustani (1996) and Dulhe Raja (1998). Now, its the heroes Akshay Kumar (Hera Pheri), Ajay Devgn (Golmaal) who are look-alike as comedians. The friendSidekick to the right-hand man The side kick or heros best friend, every Bollywood film has had one. The role could be that of a fun buddy who provides comic reserve to the film or that one jigari dost who stays with the hero through thick and thin (in other words, fights for the hero and often dies in the end). From the days of Mukri and Mehmood, who played the heros good friend in the 1950s and 60s to the current time where actors like Arshad Warsi and Sharman Joshi play as powerful characters as the hero himself, this portrayal has had a sea change. Mehmood in Humjoli (1970), for instance, played a sidekick who brought the house down with his antics, but Arshad Warsi in the Munnabhai serial publication (2003/06) played the ideal Robin to Sanjay Dutts Batman, and got so me of the best lines in the films. The romanceTouch-me-not to pre-marital sex Romance in Bollywood turned from bold to coy and back to racy and bold. The silent film, A ca-ca of Dice (1929) saw actor Seeta Devi kiss actor Charu Roy. Post-independence, in the 1940s, romance became conservative. The Cinematograph Act in 1952, called fondling on screen indecent and romance became associated with clasping hand and staring into each others eyes. snog was shown with two flowers coming together or honey bees sucking nectar from flowers. 1970s was Raj Kapoors era that brought a passion back to romance with movies such as Bobby (1973), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978). It was the 90s that romance took a pure and concoction form the two blockbuster hits Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994) Dilwale Duhaniya Le Jayenge (1995). Now, in the 2000s, pre-marital sex shown in films like salute Namaste (2005) and Rockstar (2011), is considered cool. The musicMelodies to racy tracks The 1930 and 40s, were defi ned by nasal renditions by the likes of KL Saigal (Jab Dil Hi Tooth Gaya, Shahjahan, 1946) and Noorjehan. The 50s were all about soul-soothing melodies. Songs like it Pyaar Huya Ekraar Huya (Shree 420 1952) or Jaane Woh Kaise Log The (Pyaasa 1957) became epics. However, it was R D Burman, who single-handedly changed the course of Bollywood film music, and introduced westernised tunes in songs in the 60s. While 70s remained the decade of a mix of soft and fast numbers, the 80s turned Bollywood music on its head, as Bappi Lahiri brought in disco music. Disco Dancer (1982) marked the beginning of a range of high-on-noise, low-on-lyrics songs. The 1990s churned out several(prenominal) hugely forgettable numbers, except for musical hits like 1942 a Love Story (1994), Saajan (1991). The 2000s have been the decade of experimenting thus Sonu Nigam and Yo Yo Honey Singh both find place in the same film. The dialoguesMelodrama to quirky Power-packed dialogues get the utmost seetis from the audience, and why not. A film is often remembered for its iconic dialogues. Kaun kambakth bardasht karne ke liye peeta hai, from Devdas thats a favourite even with the daarubaaz of today. However, dialogues like Kitne aadmi the, and Kuttey main tera khoon pi jaunga from Sholay, Pushpa, I hate tears from Amar Prem and Mere paas maa hai from Deewar have gone on to turn over epic. In the 1990s, heroes impressed their lady love with dialogues. Thus came, I love you Kkk Kiran (Darr), Bade bade shehron mein aisi chhoti chhoti baatein hoti rehti hain. (DDLJ 1995). In 2000, quirky dialogues such as, Main apni favourite hoon (Jab We Met), Picture Abhi Baki Hai Dost (Om Shanti Om) are the big hits among film buffs.

Physical Fitness and Nutrition Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Physical Fitness and Nutrition Worksheet EssayIn order to get optimal health, it is critical to be sensiblely fit and eat a healthy and balanced diet. becoming knowledge sufficient ab out(p) what it means to be physically fit and learning how to evaluate the nutritional lever of what you eat may greatly increase your ability to improve your health and wellness.In this three-part worksheet, you identify the 5 components of health related fitness, critique a convention for nutritional value, and respond to two short swear out questions about nutrition. Completing this assignment is a step towards gaining the knowledge needed to better manage your physical fitness and nutrition.Part 1 Five Components of Health Related Fitness TableComplete the card below. The first row has been filled in for you as an example.Components of Physical FitnessDescriptionHow to Incorporate in Your LifeBenefit(s) Cardiorespiratory Fitness existence able to exercise at a moderate to high intensity for a long period of timeWalk 2 miles at a brisk pace every day.Reduced the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Muscular StrengthMaximum tycoon able to be exerted by single contraction of a muscle or musclegroupStart out with crunches, lunges and squats.The ability to carry out tasks easier that like yard work. Muscular EnduranceAbility to performhigh-intensity musclecontractionsrepeatedly withoutfatiguingDo push-ups to build up muscular endurance.Increased metabolism, Reduced fatigue, fewer injuries, and fewer back problems.FlexibilityAbility to excise jointsfreely through theirfull range of motionStart with stretching or yoga to help with flexibility.Being able to keep joints flexible and ability to reach or move.Body CompositionThe amount andrelative proportionsand dispersion of fat mass and fat-free mass in the bodyBy exercising, eating right and managing my time. financial support longer and feeling good about ones self.Part 2 Critique a MealFor this part of the assignment, you critique the nutritional value of a meal. You will select this meal from the husbandry website.Follow the instructions belowAccess the USDA Recipe Finder search tool at http// chemical formulafinder.nal.usda.gov/ o(either click on or paste the above link in your internets get by bar) Search for a recipe using one of the available criteriaoType in ingredientsoType in a recipe name, oroChoose options from the available categoriesSelect a recipe to critique from the generated results.Review the nutritional information provided for the recipe you selected or added and answer the questions below. Each response should be 75 to 125 words.1.What is the name of the recipe you ar evaluating?The name of the recipe that I am evaluating is Baked Chicken with Vegetables.2.Which essential nutrientscarbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and mineralsare allow ind in the recipe? The essential nutrients that are included in this recipe are saturated fats, carbohydrate s, Fiber and protein. overly included are Vitamin A that adds carotene and helps with the eyes Vitamin C which is important for growth and development calcium needed for muscle, bones and nerves. Iron helps with distributing oxygen to the body. Vitamin E helps body create from raw stuff from damage. Vitamin K makes proteins for bones and tissue also helps with clotting to not bleed too much.3.Which ingredients are providing each nutrient?Potatoes establish vitamin C, potassium, and carbohydrates. Carrots vex vitamin A, E, and K. Onions have potassium, Vitamin C and sodium. Chicken there is vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and iron. If the body is missing any vitamins the body will develop to deteriorate.4.Does this recipe include a good balance of essential nutrients? Explain your answer. I believe it does have a good balance but not to the full extent that it could be. Anything could be added to have the bare missing vitamins and minerals that a lot of people do not get on a unin terrupted basis.5.How could the recipe be altered to include more essential nutrients? The recipe could be altered to include more essential nutrients by adding mushrooms, cheese, nuts or eggs. These items would add vitamin D and E. Vitamin D helps with the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Vitamin E is similar to vitamin C in helping protect the body from damage and helps with red source cells. So adding the items in one way or another would add to the nutrients that ones body.6.Do you retrieve this a healthy meal? If not, what is a healthy alternative? Yes I do consider this a healthy meal in the fact that it does have quit a few vitamins and minerals that our bodies need on a regularbasis. It is low in fat and calories and will still fill someone up in one meal. With the chicken, carrots, onions, and potatoes there is not too much more that would be needed to accessory the body.

Palestine and Israel Essay Example for Free

Palestine and Israel testifyBefore a conflict takes place, there is usually a dis restrainment between the concerned parties. In the gaffe of the Israel and Palestine, aggressive dialogue has never been set to foster talk rather than war. When this is absolutely seat in to practice, the result give be successful owing to the fact that three forget be a less possibility of the occurrence of the war therefore saving the lives of the large number that would have been missed during the war.Conflict basically entails a situation where twain parties ar not in agreement close an issue. In this case the parties usually steep in face-off therefore limiting any diplomatic relations between the two sides. From the perspective of Israel, Palestinians be considered as caring out baneist activities, therefore in order to cub such activities, they have to distort and prevent them from doing so. This forces them to deploy troops to Gaza to try and incumbrance this kind of terro rist attacks to its citizens.This however ought not to be the case since the deployment of the troop without talk signifies that one party is not in any attempt tom perceive dialogue which would have solved the problem. Terrorism as considered by Israel is an act that leads to hysteria or a type of violence. It is the experience of fear or terror as the proximate int dismiss of that brutality. .Terrorism may also be defined as the performance of acts of violence directed against a state or a pigeonholing of people with the aim of intimidating them so as to achieve ones political goals.It entails making other people suffer so as to intrust accredited messages to the relevant authorities about dissatisfactions or certain grievances. War is not justified at all in the case of the isrealites and the Palestine since they all suffer the consequences. For whichever reason a group of people or an individual decides to perform acts of terror, it just cant be justified because there are give out ways of solving disputes. For an action to be termed as justified, its end result should be practised enough to justify the act.War is not because the end result is fear, frustration and terror to a certain group of people. Taking cases like the recent Israel invasion into Gaza is not justified since many innocent lives were doomed and property destroyed. That is not a morally right end result since it only leads to suffering and ill to the innocent Palestinians who were caught in the commotion. This coupled with the fact that the objective is not always achieved this way, renders war inappropriate and should not be given a chance at all. War only victimizes people who are really innocent.All these victims only act as objects cosmos used by a certain group of people to achieve their own unique absurd kicks. The innocent victims who perish are used to affright a certain group of people or governments. The ones who are sent to commit such an bodily process are also be ing used as objects by their masters to achieve their objectives. They are human beings beings and most often than not they end up perishing together with the innocent victims. There are better ways of settling soulfulnessal differences without necessarily having to express ones frustrations through taking away innocent livesDuring the confrontation between the two sides, war crimes are usually committed where there is usually a rear of tube of contract set by the international organizations about activities not to performed on the civilians,. This entails aspect that is carried upon with the main intentions of make aggravation or harm to the immediate neighbor not necessarily for revenge purposes. When the Israelites and the Palestine engage in war, there is usually closing of property and the loss of lives of civilians a factor that clearly results to mental problems to the people who are caught up in the cross fire .In this case, those affected usually end up suffering and as a result the economic growth of the countries are hindered. Within the closing of the facilities such as schools most of the youth and children end up engaging in a reengage mission and this in turn results to their influx in more terrorism attacks (Verhoeven,J eds) . Their can be understating within the two group in the event that all the previous are laid forward and analyzed critically through dialogue since by engaging in war, no sounding solution will be achieved.In the event that there is peaceful negotiation within the two groups, the society will whole benefit since there will be absence of the destruction of property and the two groups will embrace individually others culture and live together in harmony . The society will also organise economically owing to the absence of sanctions that hinder a particular side from transaction and trading with the other.When things are clearly talked out between the Israelites and the Palestine it is depicted that there will be an agreement if each side decides to forget what was in the past and follow concepts that will sustain the future of the children of the two countries (Simon Schuster) . On the other hand, dialogue is the key aspect to a successful ceasefire since all the two sides will be able to come up with their proposal and at the end of the day a consensus can be attained if they are all willing to let loose what was seen as a conflicting situation. . In a normal circumstance the issue of dialogue when there is conflict always solves the problems, since human being are bound to conflict and at the same time they can reach an understanding.When the palatines and the isrealites embrace this aspect, the equity can be clearly seen therefore at the end of the day the two sides have to agree on whether to adopt the changes or not. Talking other than war on the other hand will shows the intenders of the war on the negative impact that can be produced in the event that it happens. When a person is conv inced that when he or she goes to war death will be the consequence, then resulting result will be a change in that thought. One will unquestionably consider his or her deportment other than death (Barry). Therefore, the use of dialogue is a more concerned issue. In this scenario talking outshines the view of war since, with appropriate dialogue between two parties at war, there will be no or a small chance of the occurrence of the war.Conclusion Talking thins out other than war is the only solution that will make it possible for most of the people who might be caught up during the commotion to be safe. In reality, the safety of and individual is very vital. talking other than war definitely is a good idea since the Palestine and the isrealites will be able to look back on how the situation has be devastated as a result of the war and in return think of build and sorting their issues without indulging in war. The impact of war carries a social problem since with total destruction of the facilities that people are able to obtain their basic commodities, lives are usually lost.In some case there is disease outbreak and food shortages therefore resulting to starvation of the affected individuals. Work cited Barry, R The truth about Syria, Palgrave MacMillan, 2007 Verhoeven,J eds. Peace creation in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Lynne Reinner, London and Bolder, CO, 20 Simon Schuster,. The peace within Palestine not apartheid, 2006 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Brief History retrieved on twenty-third February from http//www. mideastweb. org/briefhistory. htm The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in a Nutshell on 23rd February from http//www. mideastweb. org/nutshell. htm A Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict on 23rd February from http//www. ifamericansknew. org/history/

Quality education Essay Example for Free

Quality education EssayFor years, I hit witnessed how the art of teaching had evolved and it keeps on evolving. Every year, the teaching practice is revised old techniques ar changed with saucily approaches suiting the virgin generation. Unknowingly, teachers are pressured to cope with all these changes yet with their dedication, they find means to give graphic symbol education to us students. With this article, teachers are given a new way to teach young minds.I strongly believe that a childs first steps to learn language and literacy are the most crucial ones. His first learning and experiences in school will serve as his metrical foot throughout his life. I could see the importance of teachers in this stage. Thus, teachers should be competent enough to develop the child. The new approach discussed in the article promotes interactive teaching and interactive learning and as a student, I agree with this approach.By using this approach, students are encouraged to talk and participate and as a contribute given more chance to express their thoughts and ideas in class well making it easy for learning. As I see it for the teachers side, it would be more convenient for them to listen to their students responses and so they could determine their knowledge and thinking, as well as correct some misunderstandings and misconceptions.On the former(a) hand, it was stated in the article that other teachers might be hesitant to apply this new approach with their fear of losing classroom control, and I understand that since some students, when given freedom to speak, misuse it. Nevertheless, as a learner, I am very undefended to this approach and I appreciate this article for helping teachers in acquiring new techniques for their profession and overly for helping students learn language better which is their foremost step to literacy and quality education.

Religion as a Synonym of Ignorance Essay Example for Free

Religion as a Synonym of Ignorance EssayIs the church as solid and strong as it seems? In The truly Old Man with Enormous Wings, Garcia Marquez uses magical reality to challenge religious beliefs hence, proving religious belief is not what is seems. To begin with, when the old man with enormous wings lands in Elis culminationa and Pelayos courtyard and aft(prenominal) reason out that the man must be someone who survived a shipwreck they call their neighbor to see him. Their neighbor proclaims right away that he must be an angel. Her reaction to the man with wings is purely influenced by faith.She blindly assumes things based on what she has been taught her whole life Hes an angel, she told them. He must have been coming for the child, tho the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down. (Garcia Marquez 1) This shows how religion influences the interpretation of various events hence, limiting them to stripping a deeper or more(prenominal) meaningful signifi wash bowlce to any situation. Pelayos reaction is guided by fear and insecurity, which in some manner is portrayed in the story to symbolize that the church institution, generates fear instead of treatment Gods word.How Garcia Marquez describes the angel is a critique to the church service due to the fact that it is described as a ragpicker in a pitiful condition and extremely old. Pelayo judges the angel on his appearance. Wasnt the angel supposed to look all white, attractive and divine such as church says? If he was this way, then Pelayo would most likely honor and respect him rather than treat him like an animal this doesnt only ruin the idea the Church has approximately an angel, but also results very disappointing, meaning that after all, religion results to be a disappointment.Garcia Marquez clearly describes how Colombian society is, and how ignorant they atomic number 18 due to religion. The township expresses hope and expectations are the angels visit. Many had big dream s and had relied on this angel to put an end to all their problems as if he was sent down from God. These expectations however are not rational they are based on their beliefs and the emotions that this angel had generated. Humans in general are always looking for the palmy way out and the simplest way to put their problems to an end.This angel served as the answer they had all hoped for likewise, religion does this in a daily basis. Religious people rely the blame on God for what happens around them, whether its keen or bad, it is the easiest way to justify lifes actions limiting pieces chance of thinking for themselves therefore, they are ignorant. As we go further, critiques towards religion and ignorance continue. One of the strongest is probably when Father Gonzaga, gives his verdict about if the visitant was an angel or not.He tells people the Old Man is not an angel in hatful of his appearance, and when he tries to communicate with him in Latin he gets no response that b eing the case, ignorance takes over once again and people believe churchmen simply because of the position they have in society. Catholics often believe the Church screws everything about life, and so they must believe everything they say as if they could not think for themselves.Father Gonzaga felt somehow threatened by the angels presence because he could no longer be in the position he was and the angel would be seen as superior to him due to his divinity. The parish priest had his first suspense of an imposter when he saw that he did not understand the quarrel of God or know how to greet His ministers. (Garcia Marquez 2). He takes advantage of the situation when the Old Man does not answer in the language of jesus, ridiculing him and making himself look once again closer to God rather than the Old man.In addition, the utmost conclusion about that the old man is a norwegian sailor once again ridicules the Church showing such absurd assumptions nevertheless, he dares to crea te comparisons to argument his final word about the cheat the angel was, He argued that if wings were not the essential element in determining the difference among a hawk and an airplane, they were even less so in the recognition of angels. (Garcia Marquez 2). Furthermore, taking the whole Church as a character compared with the angel himself we can see the contrast of true religion and the human representation of it.Meaning that the angel symbolizes religion itself, and the church represents the institution that has corrupted this divine word. Church manipulates everything to be more powerful. In contrast, the angel is extremely patient, he isnt affected by what people were doing to him and through magical realism, Garcia Marquez manages to create a situation in which church and humans can be looked upon ridiculously because the angel uses all of the things against him to grow strong and flee wherefore, religion is a bigger authority and more valuable than church as an institu tion.To conclude, throughout the whole story we can witness how Garcia Marquez uses magical realism fusing the reality of Colombian society and the divinity and fiction of an angel. He generates a critique towards religion stating that religion acts as a blindfold and limits humans to think beyond what they are taught to believe in hence, we can understand that religion in the story can perfectly fit as a equivalent word for ignorance.

Gillian Clarke Essay Example for Free

Gillian Clarke analyseBefore even course session Miracle on St Davids Day, I knew that something very special was divergence to happen from the word in the title Miracle. Clarkes use of this word suggests that an amazing occurrence is going to occur and that the verse form is therefore going to be emotional and poignant. Gillian Clarke uses the front versify of the poem to constitute a pastoral idyll due to the use of incarnation-An afternoon yellow and open mouthed with daffodils. This conjures a content and warm image of daffodils with their trumpets open wide, laughing in the sunlight, and it successfully personifies the flowers.Clarke likewise places people in the description to make it seem even more vivid in our minds-the rumps of gardeners between nursery shrubs. The line, hoidenish house, guests strolling pulls together a vivid image of a beautiful, opening scene in the readers mind. Clarke withal introduces the importance of nature right at the beginning o f the poem in this set-back indite. latissimus dorsi the start of the second verse, Clarke dramatically dispels the pastoral idyllic that she created in the first verse. I am reading poetry to the insane is a blunt line, completely in contrast to the last verse as it is so insensitive.As readers, we instantly pretend the harsh reality of the situation that she is in fact in a mental institution. Clarkes dispelling of the original image is in force(p) because it catches the readers attention without delay as it is a completely unexpected twist. It also makes the poem poignant because it makes the readers realise that there is never a perfect place and that there is al substances suffering around. Clarke goes on in this verse to describe some of the patients around her and the length of their mental disorders-An old wo domain interrupting offers as numerous buckets of coal as I need. Clarke describes the poignant image of a schizophrenic, beautiful boy absorbed in her poetry m aking us realise that her poetry may be baronful for these people.After verse two, Clarke introduces verse three by stating on a good day, they tell me later to show how the take apart between a verse is a like the dramatic split personality of a schizophrenic. In verse three, Clarke goes into more detail to the highest degree her moving surroundings to build up a vivid idea of the situation in the readers mind. She describes ow the sun causes shadows of window bars into the room and how a woman is sitting in these shadows as if she is in a cage. In a cage of first March sun a woman sits. Clarke repeats the word not, not listening, not seeing, not livelinessing to military issue in the woman appearing to be trapped inside herself and entirely vacant. Finally in this verse, Clarke writes, a big, big cracked, man is tenderly led to his chair. The use of the adverb tenderly makes us understand only when how much cargon and attention these people need.Clarke continues with the po ems tone of compassion in verse four, by the slow reading caused by several instances of pauses in the line due to commas such as hands on his knees, he rocks . I read to the big, dumb, labouring man as he rocks also brings about the sad sense that although this man seems self-sufficient and big on the exterior he is mild and insecure on the inside and in the mind. Finally Clarke uses an oxymoron, I read to their presences, absences to show how although they are physically in the room, some of their minds arent really there at all.In verse five, Clarkes penning makes everything suddenly change. The slow and thoughtful pace of the poem ends dramatically in a similar way that Clarke destroyed the pastoral idyllic after the first verse. Gillian Clarkes use of alliteration also strongly suggests that something special is about to happen, He is suddenly standing silently, huge and mild but I feel afraid. Clarke then cleverly uses two similes to portray the moment before the man speak s, Like slow faecal matter of spring water or the first bird of the year in the breaking darkness.These similes are closely linked to new career spring which is convenient because the poem is set on the first day of spring. We also grasp from Clarkes use of similes that the man is going to do something new. This is a solid and poignant moment in the poem because the man is so well-built and huge yet what he is about to do is something really big and special for everybody in the room and the reader, the labourers voice recites The Daffodils The chemical reaction to this mans speech is shock and no one is able to speak. The nurses are speechless and active for violence from the man but even they promiscuousze.The patients, some of which are seriously mentally ill also suddenly listen, the patients seem to listen. It is effective and poignant, how Gillian Clarke then personifies the daffodils to match the characters and mood of the room. She expresses that even nature distant can react at this incredible moment. The hyperbole that she uses, a thousand, ten thousand is an excerpt from the Wordsworth poem that the man is reciting. Clarke successfully employs this hyperbole to exaggerate the number of daffodils who stop to observe to the man breaking free of speech and his life.I think that the seventh stanza is the most heart-breaking stanza, especially Since the dumbness of misery fell because that implies that the man was once a happy child and only stopped talking and became miserable when something tore his life apart. This is poignant because it makes us imagine tragic events that could have stopped this man from speaking and that it really shows the power and impact that poetry can have. I think the daffodils are flame is a very effective and clever way of Clarke to finish the poem because it is ending with the daffodils where it first started.The way that nature outside corresponds to the event in the room is truly miraculous. In verse six Clarke perso nifies the daffodils as still as turn out whilst the man is reciting and the daffodils are then flame in the last verse during the mans love (we can see a fiery theme). The poem is so poignant because of the way Clarke creates successful images and personification so that we can feel we are in the room at the time of the miracle. The pathetic false belief at the end leaves readers reflective and astounded by the description in poetry of such an amazing account.

Pathological Rationalism Essay Example for Free

Pathological Rationalism EssayWe often encounter a lot of pathological freethinking in the media. Oftentimes, the claims of some commercials and advertisements ar half-truths interspersed with testimonies designed to convince people of their truthfulness and helpfulness when in fact, the claims are not acknowledged by nutritional science. Because its marketing and distri moreoverion is not prohibited by law, Vitamin O was marketed as a supplement with beneficial effects for anemia, cancer and the improvement of energy and of the mind.These effects, however, are but manifestations of the placebo effect and what is claimed as Vitamin O is saltwater with few additional contents (CNN Interactive, 1999). Because of the lack of scientific basis, the national Trade Commission brought against the makers of Vitamin O and the company was ordered by the court to return the money of the customers who bought it because the accounts and the evidences presented in the media about Vitamin O i s blatantly false (CNN Interactive, 1999).In traffic with media, there should be a bonnie level of skepticism and an effort to put forward the information presented. This is a noble approach in dealing with information from the media. Believing immediately might be costly, especially in matters that concern health and eudaemonia in life. Although testimonies are helpful, the motives of these testimonies should also be analyzed if they are only meant to help sell the product.By doing this, we can be protected from the hype and glut perpetrated by the media. Another pathological rationalism is the name and address of Irans President at Columbia University. In the interest of free speech, he was allowed to address American students although he is known for his extremist views about developing nuclear weapons and making war with Israel. If people would fail believing in him right away, he would create havoc. Yet, effective research should be done to verify and counter the arguments he presented.

The Tell Tale Heart E. A. Poe Essay Example for Free

The posit rehearsal magnetic core E. A. Poe Es takeThe Tell Tale Heart is one of Edgar Allan Poes famed tales of macabre terror. Many of his short stories include delusional characters, insanity and umteen abominable shoe take onrs lasts. The Tell Tale Heart is no different. In a prototypal person communicative we follow a man mans mind with suspense and horror. Im not excited fights back the cashier only when the obsession with an old mans center field takes control, ending with a grue around death.Maybe this is similar to Poes lifestyle, in which he became an alcoholic, drug addict and picked up maniacal tendencies. The cashier defends himself to put his own mind at res, e genuinelyw here(predicate) his own accusations that hes mad. His mind is taken all over from an eye, which assembled that of a vulture.When hes relaxed he enjoys verbaliseing us the allegory, exactly the beside line could be back to his nervous, conscious, sadistic-self. Is he mad? Does he kill? Will he set off caught? These are all points we can ask as each line contradicts the next. Poe is keeping us in suspense. Its the feeling of anxiety. Where, what or when entrust something happen next? misgiving is kept through out the story, and starts at the root lineTrue Nervous VERY, precise, dreadfully nervous.Why is the teller nervous? The reader is sledding too want to read on to find the answer. Dashes, commas and a use of a rhetorical question implies the fibber is addressing the reader in a dramatic manner. The commas and dashes likewise in arrears down the pace of the first line. This will lengthen the first line, keeping the reader in suspense. The rhetorical questionWhy will you say that I am mad?addresses the reader. Although rhetorical the read wants to answer, but doesnt know the answer. This is another modal value in which Poe makes the reader wanting to read on.Poe changes the pace of the story. Sometimes, very slowly and other times very fast. Th is is all to create suspense. As you can see suspense plays an important part in the story.I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a champion ray fell upon the eye.This is an example of where the pace is slow. Deliberate pauses emphasise his confidence and cunningness. The line in addition portrays the time-taking actions of the vote counter, displaying his credence. He uses repetitive give way out choice (cautiously) not just to slow the line down but also to show hes a nonpareilist. Dashes and commas are also used to keep the sentence at an careful pace. Another example of where the f number is slow isFor a whole hour I did not decease a muscle and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was palliate sitting up in bed harkening, just as I had done, night after night, hearkening to the death watches in the wall.The cashier is waiting for the right opportunity, once agai n stressing his cautiousness. The storyteller did not move a muscle in an hour, obvisously portraying the image of the slow moving pace. The line also tells us it was a planned murder. Another example of him showing us his cunning isWhen I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a dwarfish a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider.Time also goes fast within the story. For exampleIn an instant I dragged him to the floor I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done.This is the verbal description of the death of the old man. These are the only details the narrator tells us, implying hes a perfectionist. We retrieve this view of the narrator because of the swift speed of which he kills the old man. The narrator is also a sadistic person, due to the air he smiled gaily after the quick death. Other example s of a quick pace are towards/ at the end.Villans I shrieked, dissemble no more I admit the deed tear up the planks here, here it is the beating of his hideous soreness.From the final line of the story we have the impression hes mad because of the way he admits the deeds. Short sentences, which are straight to the point, increase the pace of the text. Also, due to the fast pace, it implies he has lost the control, the perfection and intelligence he once had.Poe uses and mentions time a lot in the story. He changes the pace to give the different effects. From the waiting of the old man to sleep to the breakdown of the narrator. The difference paces are varied. This is because if the pace were slow end-to-end, the story would become tiresome to the reader. If the pace was of a fast speed the reader would not be able to grasp the entire story, miss parts out and even forget segments.Poe repeats words a great deal in the story. Creating the effect that the narrator is panicking or even to emphasise something. In the pursual line he uses the repetition to emphasise his confidence and cunning.I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single ray fell upon the vulture eye.The narrator is also under the impression that he has planned, and now performing the perfect crime.It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant.The speed of the old mans heartbeat creates a traumatic experience for the narrator affecting his mind, upsetting to him but the narrator shows us his guilt. Where Poe repeats words, the pace tends to be quicker creating a dramatic scene. As mentioned earlier the narrator seems to be a sadistic character, other evidence of thishe had found all in vain. All in vain because Death, in approaching himThe repetivtive phrase, all in vain, tells us of the narrators joy at the old mans panic-stricken state. He also used a capital D in death. This implies he is us ing the word death as a name, suggesting he is death. The repetition of words and in-depth descriptions show us how precise the narrator is. The commas and dashes indicate an intensity of emotions.Poe uses noises to create atmosphere in the story. Such noises are the sound of the old mans heart beating louder and louder. The phrase is repeated through our, suggesting that the narrator is becoming guiltier and guiltier. It also implies that the narrator weakness has got the ruin of him because he then confesses his guilt in committing the brutal murder. Poe uses other phrases to convey the guiltiness of the narrator such asIt was a low, dull, quick sound such as a sound as a watch makes enveloped in cotton.This is repeated simile further accentuating the narrators guilt conscious.Poe sometimes uses sounds to create the effect of a horror scenefor the hinges creakedBefore this the narrator was describing his consciousness, implying the surroundings were silent. Then they hear the hi nges creaking reminding the reader of the hellish, horror-type story. Of course, this would make the reader curious of whos behind the door.Poe uses evil words in the story such as hell, slay etc. This is to add and emphasise the fear and terror of the story. It also emphasises the old mans feelings.I heard umpteen things in hell.This shows us the madness of the narrator and confines his sadistic character. Apart from evil word choices he uses evil phrases. After the narrator viscously murdered the old man I then smiled gaily.At some points of The Tell Tale Heart you are under the impression that the narrator has done it before. This is because he seems so calm and relaxed describing how he killed him. After the death he deposited the body. Deposited in this sense would imply a flint or ruthless person. This is how he makes the death disgusting. Not just by describing the horrific violence I cut off the head, the arms and then the legs.but by the emotionless way the narrator tell us, as if this was his job or a day-to-day activity.Throughout the story, he defends himself of madness. He tries doing this by describing the eye (the reason for the death) revoltingly.One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture.The old man is being described as a greedy, ruthless person. He continues to describe the eye as if it made his blood run cold. This makes the eye sound evil and he tries to construct a valid reason for killing him.Poe has written the story in a first person narrative, making us apart of the story.but why will you say that I am mad?The use of the rhetorical question suggests the narrator is addressing the reader in a dramatic method. He brings us into a conversation and grabs our attention straight away making us want to read on. By addressing the reader it also makes the story more realistic. This question is repeated throughout trying to persuade us to thinking hes not. He makes us form opinions and answers. Another example of where Poe drags us into the story isAnd now have I told you what youOther reasons for addressing the reader is a plea for us to listen and pay attention.Poe has the murderer tell us the story. this is mainly for realism, suspense and to hear the unusual, murderers point of view. The story would also create more dramatic impact on the reader. The reader may also feel that the narrator is putting a lot of trust into the reader, because the narrator is describing the death in great depth. Due to the first person narrative we would have more information and details, whilst gaining a better knowledge of how his mind works.The Tell Tale Heart grips the readers imagination, by mysterious and unpredictable behaviour. The reader decides to read on as the narrator shows an intensity of emotions and feelings from one paragraph to the next. At the beginning of the story we see an obsessive man over an old mans eye. From the obsession of the eye we get the feeling of a mentally disturbed or mad man.Although he may be dist urbed, he is a confident, personal person, which suggests a split personality. Towards the end he reveals more information, but were still left with questions to ask. The slip of information indicates the narrator losing his confidence. Other examples include the continual crescendo beat of the heart. The narrator finally breaks down due to the paranoia as the police come to the slaughterhouse. Suspense is produced by the array of emotions, and irrational behaviour as the unpredictable story continues.The Tell Tale Heart shows an excessive man where a vulture eye haunts him. The mysterious obsession with an old mans eye leads to a gruesome death. Then we see the narrators sadistic behaviour. The story ends with the narrator breaking down.The narrators unpredictable feelings maintain the readers engagement and suspense. The Tell Tale Heart compels the reader to read on to find out whats happening next. The narrator experiences feelings of confidence and joy (possibly because hes sa distic) on certain occasions but he can soon transmogrify into an adjitated and anxious man. The narrator speaks with a relaxed, confident tone, which can some times turn into arrogance. As the story moves on, we witness the loss of control he then displays irrational and sinister behaviour.

Political philosophy Essay Example for Free

establishmental philosophy Es evidenceLocke was born in the village of Wrington, Somerset, on August 29, 1632. He was educated at the University of Oxford and lectured on Greek, rhetoric, and moral philosophy at Oxford from 1661 to 1664. In 1667 Locke began his association with the English statesman Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of Shaftesbury, to whom Locke was friend, adviser, and physician. Shaftesbury secured for Locke a series of minor government appointments. In 1669, in one of his official capacities, In 1675, after the large-minded Shaftesbury lost is power, Locke went to France. In 1679 he returned to England, moreover in view of his opposition to the Roman Catholicism successful by the English monarchy at that time, he soon found it expedient to return to France. From 1683 to 1688 he lived in Holland, and following the so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the restoration of Protestantism to favor, Locke returned once more to England. The new king, William II I, appointed Locke to the mature of Trade in 1696, a position from which he resigned because of ill health in 1700. He died in Oates on October 28, 1704. EmpiricismLockes empiricism emphasizes the importance of the experience of the senses in pursuit of knowledge rather than hypothesis or reasoning. The empiricist doctrine was first developed by the English philosopher sir Francis Bacon early in the 17th century, but Locke organized his ideas in an article in 1690 called Essay Concerning Human Understanding. He regarded the mind of a somebody at birth as a tabula rasa, a blank slate upon which experience brings knowledge, and did not call up in intuition or theories of instinct. Locke to a fault held that all persons be born good, independent, and equal.Political Theories In his diddle Two Treatises of Government, written in 1690, John Locke attacked the theory of divine right of kings and the nature of the state. He also believed in religious freedom and in the separation of c hurch and state. In Two Treatises of Government he argued that the power did and should not exist within the state but within the people. He continued to say that the state is supreme, but only if it is bound by what he called natural law. NATURAL LAW Locke was not the first theorist to come up with natural law, in fact the idea was originated by antediluvian patriarch Greeks.Similar to Greeks, Locke argued that humans (in the state of nature) are free and equal. He stated that when humans enter conjunction they surrender only the rights that are necessary for their security and for the common good. He believed that each individual has extreme rights drawn from what is called the natural law. Many of Lockes political ideas, such as natural rights, property rights, the duty of the government to protect those rights, and the rule of the majority, were later incorporated in the U. S. Constitution. Also, his natural-rights theory provided a philosophical basis for twain the America n and French revolutions.Locke further preached that revolution was not only a right but a great deal an obligation. Locke also advocated a system of checks and balances in government. This idea meant to comprise three branches, of which the legislative is more effectual than the executive or the judicial. Lockes influence in modern philosophy has been profound and, with his application of empirical synopsis to ethics, politics, and religion, he remains one of the most important and controversial philosophers of all time. Among his other works are Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) and The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695).

Marketing creating hedonistic consumers

trade creating hedonic con center fieldersWithin the academic and the merchandising serviceman it is recognise that thither is grapple on what division the discipline of marketing plays in the creation of indulgent consumers. The or so extreme debates come from those who hold opposing aspects. This paper will look at almost of these pola stand upd views and perspectives in regard to consumer behaviour and will argue that marketing has non gaind voluptuary consumers that such a stance does not allow for the complexities of human behaviour and motivations and does not impinge on hold account of the dynamic nature of consumer society. We agree thither atomic number 18 associations and parallels in the ontogeny of both consumerism and marketing but in that location is no evidence to prove cause and effect.According to Arm beefed-up et al (2009, p8), wants atomic number 18 the form human shoots incorporate as they atomic number 18 shaped by culture and undivided personality. Wants are shaped by cardinals society. Therefore, consumer wants are not shaped solely by marketers. Conversely, Solomon et al (2006, p21) highlight that marketing is practically criticised for employing techniques that convince consumers that they need many material goods and that they will be unhappy and inferior if they do not subscribe these necessities. Do marketers give quite a little what they want, or do they tell us what we ought to want? trade is often fictional to be responsible for our consumer society and its epicurean approach to expending, and as a consequence undermines other heathen values by promoting a materialistic stance. For many commentators it is the dark side of marketing and worthy of follow-up as it diminishes the marketing professions reputation.1.1 DefinitionsBefore defining hedonistic consumption, it is useful to define the philosophical system of hedonism. This is a instill of thought that says the pursuit of delectation is th e most important thing in life, that views man as cosmos motivated by the desire for sultry pleasures therefore this quest for the good life becomes mans driving force.The hedonistic consumer tolerate be viewed as pleasure loving or self indulgent person with a high level of consumption, more preoccupied with their own material goals than mentation of the wider view of society.Hedonistic consumption is the multi-sensory, head game and emotional aspects of consumers interactions with products. (Soloman, 2006, p39). This element of fantasy is crucial to this theory as it is the imagined pleasure that attracts the consumer. OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy describe this as the planetary agreement that consumer pleasure lies not so much in the physical sense as in the total emotional follow up. So the pleasure and happiness is real even though the possess can be imagined in the consumers brain. From a negative point of view Migone, 2006 views it as a extremely wasteful and discri matory pattern of consumption that predominates in current capitalist models.Hedonism and FantasyThe role of fantasy in hedonic consumption is key and whilst academics view it from different perspectives they do agree that it plays a pivotal role in pleasure seeking. Gabriel and Lang (2006) are of the view that Western consumption many agree is a estate of seduction alluring and glamour. As goods leave the world of production to enter the sphere of display, circulation and consumption, they become objects of fantasy and instruments of pleasure. Whilst Abercrombie states that lives are organised around fantasies and daydreams about consuming they are hedonists, primarily interested in pleasure, and sensual pleasure at that they are individualists, largely pursuing their own ends and uncaring about others.(Abercrombie, 1994, 44).Campbell (1987) in The amatory Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism described the key aspect in the creation of the hedonistic consumer as be one co ncerned with the top executive of the imagination, he highlights the differences between what was regarded as the traditional view of hedonism and the mod view. He suggested that traditional stochastic variable was a hedonism of a multitude of pleasures, of the senses whilst innovational hedonism seeks pleasure not in sensation but in emotion accompanying all kinds of experiences. The pleasure lies in the meaning of the experience to the individual. This is the form we are dealing with in postmodernist culture.Campbell suggested that the consumer as hedonist must be adequate to derive pleasure from every item they come into contact with and everything must be orientated to that end. That consumers are in a constant state of unsatisfaction, an ongoing state where we are dreaming about aroundthing pertly however this is linked to the other defining factor of modern hedonism that disillusionment comes from the disappointment when the imagined pleasure are always greater than th e actual.When anticipate the enjoyment and pleasure that we will gain when we finally purchase and wear thin the refreshed phone/watch/car we arrive at been day dreaming about barter foring, our pleasure is often not as we imagined and is fleeting. We open moved on to dreaming about the next better version and start to feel bad about not having it.Consumerism good or bad?Underpinning the debate on whether marketing has created hedonistic consumers is the view on whether consumerism is a positive or negative force. Some prevent the rise of the consumer, taking the view that consumerism is the essence of the good life, that a consumer society allows us personal license, power and happiness through our ability to choose, acquire, use and enjoy our material objects and experiences. Seen as a sophisticated, mature individual who seeks enjoyment in life by making choices and exercising freedom. (Gabriel and Lang, 2006, p8). Others are concerned that consumerism is associated with r educed consumer healthy being, partly in terms of quality of human relationships and levels of happiness. That those focused on materialistic values have lower personal well being and psychological health. (Kasser,2002).Abela (2006) furthers this dividing line indicating that hedonistic consumerism shows an association between marketing practice and the harms of consumerism may be greater than it is generally believed to be by marketing academics.3. Claims against merchandising likewise much interest in material possessions is the responsibility of marketing?Critics have argued that the marketing system encourages also much interest in material possessions. people are judged by what they own not who they are. (Armstrong et al, 2009 p.552). Critics dont view this as a natural state of mind but one created by marketing.In do to this claim many marketers would argue that this alleged ability of marketing to create of necessity is wishful thinking and is overstating marketings scop e. In support of this it follows that marketers are most successful when they appeal to existing wants rather than when they attempt to create new ones. Also that people seek information when making important purchases and mostly do not rely on a single source (Gabriel and Lang, 2006).However, todays mania for goods is learnt not instinctive according to Naish, 2002. On a deeper level our wants and values are influenced by many factors including family, peer group, religion, ethnic background and education. If modern society is highly materialistic, these values arise out of socialisation processes that go much deeper than business and pot media could produce alone (Gabriel and Lang, 2006).OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy (2002) argue that accumulation of material possessions is a consequence of wealth.Marketers create artificial needs?According to Solomon et al (2006), some conservative traditionalists are of the view that denote in particular, contributes to the moral sectionaliza tion of society by presenting images of hedonistic pleasure. Conversely, leftists argue that they same misleading promises of material pleasure function to buy off people who would otherwise be revolutionaries working to change the system.OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy (2002) note that wants must be created and that there must be an underlying appetite for the product in the first place.Solomon at al shut that while marketers do not create artificial needs, they do contribute heavily to the socialization of people in contemporary society and thus to the establishment of the social system of needs. Consequently marketers must take a share of responsibility for the development of society.Marketers promise miracles?Consumers are led to believe that via advertising that products have special properties they will so special things for them that will transform their lives. Soloman et al argues that the manipulative effect of advertising is often overstated, however does concede that there is little doubt that advertising creates and changes patterns of consumption. They offer the view that the main(prenominal) affect may be that the idea that we are defined by our consumer choices is perpetuated by the advertising medium.The involve of fantasy and imagery in influencing buyingOShaughnessy and OShaughnessy (2002) cite Baudrillard (1981) who suggested that due to the new technology of electronic media we right away have a world where the distinction between real and images has become blurred and consumers are viewed as non-rational who gravitate to instant gratification. The claim is that the consumer thinks that this is the reality, however according to OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy there is no proof to substantiate the claim. design saturated surround pressing consumers to buyThe sheer insistence and multiplication of marketing messages is evidence to critics of marketing. The sum of the mass effect on consumers pushes them in a hedonistic direction. However cons umers are sophisticated and selective, they take notice of the products that attend to them. (OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy,2002).Consumerism and Identity objet darty cultural forces have been accused of having a role in the creation of hedonistic consumers the marketing of Hollywood and Celebrity culture are named often in the debate.Its is recognised by psychology that our ability to weigh desirability and value is knocked awry if the item is endorsed by a well known face. The part of the brain involved in trust and learning is activated and as a result we feel like we are their acquaintances and we want to be like them. (Naish, 2008). We chose carefully who we transcript and why and have evolved to emulate the most successful, maybe why many of us feel compelled to maintenance up materially with celebrities. usage, is it addictive?Lasch (1991) takes a pessimistic view believing that western consumerism, sustained by mass production and celebrated in the mass media, amounts to a mechanism of addiction.Though Migone (2007) concedes that rather than marketing being at the root of this addiction it is due to technological advances which facilitated large scale production which in turn leads to large scale consumption.Consumerism and loss of CommunityNaish notes that only modern capitalist countries concentrate on material greed. In pre capitalist societies the highest worths was ascribed to things like family, clan, religion, honour not shiny new objects. This he says relates to our most base instincts which are the need to relate to others and feel part of a community.According to Naish, man has befogged his moral framework, sense of community and lifes higher meaning, so that now all that remains is our thirst for possessions and pleasure. That being a hedonistic consumer does not make us happy and has a detrimental effect on our human relationships. Critics have linked this loss to marketings lack of focus on these types of human values.In defence mechan ism of MarketingConsumerism and WealthThe 80s recognised a triumph for consumerism old moral restraints on consumption (frugality, niggardliness and guilt) swept aside by an extraordinary, credit lead consumerist boost (Lee, 1997). Gabriel and Lang recall that greed lost some of its pejorative and puritanical connotations, in reference to the 1980s.Consumption and IdentityIt has been said that consumers take identity from their possessions. Consumption has expanded to fill the vacuum left by the decline of the work ethic. Bauman (1988) also argues that consumption is the new pioneer frontier in which individuals may successfully assert themselves, with no insecurity and not harming others.shop is not merely the acquisition of things it is the buying of identity. (Clammer,1992). This is another view that consumer consumption comes from within. Also the general rise in disrupted families has been linked to new ways of forming identities through goods how negative the effects are de pends on the underlying motives.Human NatureNaish believes we are genetically programmed to always want more. In prehistoric quantify its been discovered that cave dwellers had collections of axe handles, that these were the Jimmy Choos and Ferraris of their time. Important to note that OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy argue that marketing physicalism are interdependent and that marketing helps precipitate materialism and materialism in society advances the development of marketing.According to Bauman, (1999) the major(ip) contributing factors to hedonistic lifestyle are pervasive insecurity and uncertainty fear of the future and the ecology of the planet danger- threat of terrorism and wars decline of family breakdown of traditional institutes such as family as one of the main cultural reference points.It has been argued that marketing creates hedonism by creating wants. This begs the skepticism can wants be created? According to Moore (1994) materialism and hedonism were not in vented by consumer marketing they were there before its advent. Although, it has been widely acknowledged that consumers have latent wants that can be activated, but recognise that they have a great ability to filter information.Marketers often chose hedonistic appeals, but marketing in itself is simply an orientation and a set of tools that are value neutral and can be used to proselytise any perspective. (Cook, 1992).Social commentators have noted that that pursuit of pleasure is mans natural position and it goes against human nature to deprive oneself and that accumulation of material possessions is due to the fact we have the means to indulge our wants.However they agree there is an acknowledged link but no prove cause and effect but this is viewed as marketing being in the role of facilitator not creator.Marketing and EconomyMarketers have accused critics of taking the hyper real world of marketing, advertising and dreams too literally. Arguing that freedom of choice is bette r for consumers and is a fundamental underpinning of our economic system.Stimulus-response model of buyer behaviourThis widely received model of consumer behaviour illustrates that whilst marketing stimuli are important so are as are culture, politics, political economy and technology. These come merge with consumer psychology and the individual consumer characteristics. These are interlinked and conclude with a final selection of a product. This model is illustrative of the fact that marketing stimulus is only part of the consumer behaviour process. (Please refer to cecal appendage 1).The FutureWestern style consumerism is facing and creating serious threats ecological crisis, climate change, resources shortages and financial uncertainties. There is an change magnitude awareness among academics and consumers of the ecological limits of consumerism and current debate is focused on its sustainability.Consumers are said to dictate production, they dismiss innovation, create new so cial systems, drive modern politics to have the power to save the environment and protect the future of the planet and yet at the same time are seen as tripping and malleable creatures, easily manipulated, dependant, passive and foolish. (Gabriel Lang, 2006).It is recognised that there is a need to engage in debate on the containment of the negative aspects of consumerism. At the centre of the debate is the question of social consequences and the role of marketing in creating the consumption culture..If we suspect that marketing is contributing to the harmful effects of consumerism what are the courses of action marketers should review?Abela (2006) cites Csikszentmihalyis (2000) prompt that greater transparency about the effects of materialism would help. Recommends marketers undertake studies for emerging groups the non consumerist consumer, anti consumerism groups and should monitor general consumer awareness.So if the consumer is more aware of the consequences they might not choose the path of consumption especially if it leads to sadness and dissatisfaction. Increased efforts at consumer education maybe able to correct this and lead to changes in consumer behaviour. One thinkable area of study is to look at regions not affected yet possibly in eastern cultures.Some believe we are at the point of a fundamental structural change in the nature of consumerism. Others keeping the faith in the market to right itself. Optimists believe technology will countenance an answer (cleaner cars, recycling, energy conservation). The outcome will be a complex dynamic between politics, production, internationalist trade, economics cultural and moral values. (Abela, 2006, Gabriel Lang, 2006, Kasser 2002).In summary, the main culprit behind hedonism would be the development of strong value orientation that puts unrestrained freedom to the forefront. Marketing does not invent or creates wants it merely surfaces them. Man has always been, in all societies materialis tic. In older days poverty didnt allow him/her to indulge into hedonistic lifestyle. The role of marketing in creation of hedonism, is more of a facilitator than of an inventor. (OShaughnessy and OShaughnessy, 2002).ConclusionThis paper has recognised that there is debate on what role the discipline of marketing plays in the creation of hedonistic consumers and outlined the argument that marketing has not created hedonistic consumers, that such a stance does not allow for the complexities of human behaviour and motivations and does not take account of the dynamic nature of consumer society. We agree there are associations and parallels in the development of both consumerism and marketing, but there is no evidence to prove cause and effect. However neither is there evidence to disprove.When deciding what marketing scheme an organisation should follow the primary aim is building bankable relationships with the draw a bead on consumer however, the organisation has many choices in gu iding their marketing strategy in terms of which philosophy should underpin the strategy. Many of todays large corporations employ the marketing concept by knowing the needs/wants of the target market and regressing satisfaction better than the competition. (Armstrong et al,2009).Based on the theory that there is a parallel in the patterns between the rise of the hedonistic consumer and the sophistication and intensity of marketing efforts (Abela, 2006) ethical marketers would be advised to rent a move toward the Societal marketing concept a concept that holds that marketing strategy should deliver value in a way that maintains or improves both the consumer and the societys well-being (Armstrong et al, 2009, p14-15). Executed correctly this strategy would provide long term profits and protect both society and the consumer within this framework.sReferencesAbela, A.V. (2006) Marketing and consumerism European daybook of Marketing Vol. 40 upshot 1/ 2 pp 5-16Abercrombie, N. 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The Case of Materialism, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.23 pp106-119Naish, J (2008) Enough is Enough Learn to want less, http//women.timesonline.co.uk/to/life, Date accessed 04/10/09